Tuesday, 8 February 2011
History of TV in the UK and abroad.
It is thought that television came around in 1869 and was created by Scotsman John Logie Baird. But in 1876 an experiment for television was carried out and John Bairds mechanical system was quickly dropped as a new system called an electronic 405 line was founded to be a lot better and was then classed as standard in the television industry.
In 1922 the BBC was the first company broadcasting in Britain
In January 1927 the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) was founded by a royal charter and was given a license to broadcast.
Then in 1952 the new BBC signal could be received by 81% of the population, and by this time a television license had also been introduced.
By the time of 1955 around four and a half million people were paying for a television license.
In 1964 a new channel was introduced in colour and by 1967 there was a switch over to the new 625 lines which were in colour. The standard 405 system was finally switched off in 1985 and the new colour system (625 lines) became standard.
The ITV channel was later founded and went on air shortly after.
Later in 1982 channel 4 came about and went on air.
Between 1982 -1990, BBC, ITV and channel 4 were the three main channels on air and the television system was named terrestrial TV.
There are now 5 national television networks in the UK
PAL (Phase Alternating Line) is an analogue television system which is used in broadcast television systems in many countries. It is the TV standard in the UK and is made up of 25 frames per second, it has 625 lines of which 576 are used to show the picture. PAL offers more picture detail and has a better quality of picture lighting and has a frame rate of 50HZ.
NTSC (National, television standard committee) is an analogue television system used in South America, all of southern America except Brazil and Argentina) Burma, South Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Philippines and some pacific islands and territories. It has a higher frame rate of 60HZ which lowers visible flicker and picture noise.
SECAM (Sequential colour with memory) it is an analogue system which was first used in France. It was the first European colour television standard. SECAM is used mainly in France but is also used in many other eastern European countries. It offers good picture detail and stable hues. SECAM is very similar to PAL but it sends colour signals separately.
Have online video’s lowered the standards of television production?
I think online videos have lowered the standards of television production because when people upload video online people watch them on the likes of YouTube rather than on a television. In 2008 a survey was carried out and it was believe that children aged between 2 and 11 watched 118 minutes of online videos per person throughout a month. Teenagers aged between 12 and 17 watched 132 minutes of online videos and people 18 plus watched 99 minutes, teenagers are by far the worst by watching 14 minutes more of online video per person per month that children aged 2 to 11. They also watch an extra 33 minutes more of online videos of those over 18.
During 2009 the internet and mobile phones displayed that TV viewing was still overriding but online video viewing and usage was up by 53 percent from the same time the previous year and the amount of people watching videos through their mobile phones was also up 52 percent.
When making homemade footage you use a simple handheld camera which is of a low quality whereas professional equipment that is used to make professional footage is made of exceptional quality. When making a homemade piece of footage you don’t have much equipment, probably a handheld camera and maybe a tripod, but professionals they have equipment to put the camera on like a camera dolly so the camera can move without messing up the filming and it can film movement well. As well as a camera dolly professionals will have a boom mic so the people in the footage will be able to speak in their normal voice, the boom mic is placed just above their heads and will pick up their voice, they will also have lighting. Homemade footage will not have a camera dolly, a boom mic or lighting so therefore homemade footage will never compete with professional footage. When filming homemade footage the filming will have to take place from a stationary position, if you film while moving the footage would then end up unsteady and of a bad quality. The people who are in your footage will not have a boom mic so they will have to talk loudly so the camera can pick up their voices, as for lighting homemade filming you will not have lighting so if your filming outside you would have to rely on the sunlight, and if you were filming inside you would have to reply on the lighting that is in the room.
The editing programmes used to edit your homemade films are either windows movie maker, or programmes you have downloaded from the internet so therefore the quality isn’t at its best and also the person editing homemade footage are not professions they are just normal people like me and you so therefore the editing will not of a great deal. Professional editing will be a good quality because there is a professional editor who edit professional’s footage and make it to its best ability. Professional editors have profession software to edit the footage on for example, they can edit footage on apple mac computers which will have software such as Logic Pro, another profession editing software is corel video studio and there is many more that professionals use.
Homemade footage you can upload to internets sites such as YouTube or Facebook where your friends can see the footage, but you will not make any money out of posting your videos, but profession videos can go on to being on television, or in cinemas and on DVD, not so much online, if they do go online then some of the time its only clips of the footage because if the whole of the footage goes online by someone who the footage doesn’t belong to there will be copyright issues.
Monday, 7 February 2011
How has the digital world changed the way we consume and create TV?
Digital television has taken over the world. New signal strengths are to be released this year, you will no longer be able to just have terrestrial TV, you will have to have a form of digital transmission for example a satellite aerial which will entitle you to receive digital channels from the likes of freeview, sky TV and free sat systems. You can also receive channels online on websites such as ITV player, live station, 4OD, BBC iPlayer and YouTube. There are lots of advantages in using a digital camera rather than video/film cameras, digital cameras hold the footage on a memory card which is placed in to a camera and can be taken out to be used in different devices. Memory cards have a very high memory capacity and can range from 8mb to 256GB of memory. Where as video/ film cameras use a tape to save footage on and a tape can only hold a certain amount until you have to change the tape. There is also a big difference in quality from the video cameras to the digital. Digital camera’s have a much better screen resolution and now many come in HD (high definition) function which improves the quality even more. Digital cameras are a lot smaller so therefore they are easier to carry around and to keep in your bag.
Editing has improved significantly in the world of digital, because of how hi tech all the editing equipment and programs are theses days. In today’s world it wouldn’t take very long to edit footage off a memory card, it is much more accurate and the footage is already logged on the memory card. With a video tape you have to log all the shots which will take a lot longer because you have to find the shots you want to cut and edit, you will then have to use a lead to connect the camera with the tape in into the computer. When analogue editing you would have to cut the tape by hand and then stick it back together how you want it using some form of tape. A lot of editing in modern world is done on apple Macs, where you can download expert standard programs to edit footage for example final cut pro is the most frequent editing program used. Although digital editing does cost a lot of money it’s a lot quicker that and a lot better quality of editing.
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